NIM : A320110049
Ø Definition About Noun, Verb, and Adverb.
NOUN
Noun is a word that can become subject or object.
Kinds of Noun :
1) Concrete Noun ( kata benda yang berwujud)
It is a noun that can be seen and can be touch.
examples :
i. Henry is smart.
ii. The table is broke.
iii. I buy a new pen.
iv. She has two cars.
v. We make a cake.
Concrete noun consist of 4 kinds, there are :
ü Proper Noun
A noun that must be write a capital letter at first word.
Usually it is a name, town, country, school, and other place.
Examples :
a) Lisa is a student.
b) I went to Jogjakarta last week.
c) I study at Harvard University.
d) We will go to Singapore.
e) Andy is a good boy.
ü Common Noun
A noun that regular.
a) He is a teacher.
b) I will buy a book.
c) Please lend me a pen.
d) I kick the ball.
e) He is a doctor.
ü Material Noun
A noun that come from mining and standard material
Examples :
a) We get a new gold mine.
b) Taufik Hidayat got silver medallion in Olimpiade.
c) Indonesia has a lot of oil mine.
d) A cable made of from copper and rubber.
e) Indonesia have a lot of forest.
ü Collective Noun
A noun that have compound meaning
Examples :
a) The flock are seeking a food.
b) The parlement have a meeting.
c) The division have training in the forest.
d) The committee have breakfast together.
e) Good morning class.
2) Abstract Noun ( kata benda yang tak berwujud )
It is a noun that can’t be seen and cant be touch.
Contoh :
i. A national culture must we safe.
ii. The law in Indonesia is good.
iii. We must have good attitudes.
iv. We must obedient with this regulations.
v. The norm is very important.
3) Countable Noun
A Noun that can be count. Countable noun can be divide to two kinds, there are :
a. Singular (not more than one)
Examples :
i. He cross a river.
ii. He writes a letter.
iii. He reads a book.
iv. He buys a pen.
v. She jus study for a month.
b. Plural ( more than one )
Examples :
i. She has five books.
ii. The room just has six tables.
iii. They buy seven bananas.
iv. I have two sisters.
v. She has two pens.
4) Uncountable Noun
A noun that can’t be count, so we need measurement, pair of scales, meter, etc
Examples :
i. I want a cup of coffee.
ii. We need a piece of chalk.
iii. He buys a bottle of water.
iv. He eats a loaf of bread.
v. He buys one kilo of sugar.
VERBS
Verbs (Kata Kerja) is a word that shows the name of the deeds done by the subject, but perhaps also to indicate the state. Verbs usually the predicate of a sentence.
· Kinds of Verbs :
a. Finite Verbs (Kata Kerja Biasa)
A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand on their own as complete sentences.
The finite forms of a verb are the forms where the verb shows tense, person or number. Non-finite verb forms have no person or number, but some types can show tense.
Examples:
1. I go to Semarang
2. I watch a tv
3. She writes a letter
4. I play the game
5. You make a cake
b. Auxiliary Verbs (Kata Kerja Bantu)
Namely verbs used in conjunction with other verbs to express action or state, or serve to complement their grammatical functions.
Examples:
1. He is the school teacher
2. The cars are in the garage
3. They do their homework before watching television
4. He still has the papers
5. They have many different shoes on display
c. Linking Verbs (Kata Kerja Penghubung)
A linking verb is a verb that connects the subject to the complement. They are sometimes called copula or copular verbs. The word is connected with the subject is called the subject complement. If the word is our Employment Liaison be replaced by (am, is, are, was, etc..), Then the meaning is not changed.
Examples:
1. I am extremely tired this evening
2. My hair looks a mess today
3. My neighbours sound very angry
4. We are hungry
5. Laura is excited about her new bike
d. Transitive Verbs (Kata Kerja yang Membutuhkan Objek)
Namely verbs that require objects to enhance the meaning of a sentence or complete the meaning of the sentence.
Transitive verbs are: Drink, watch, read, fill, open, close, etc.
Examples:
1. He watches the film
2. She drinks coffee
3. I studied English
4. We eat Mie Ayam
5. You opened the door
e. Intransitive Verbs (Kata Kerja yang Tidak Membutuhkan Objek)
Namely is a verb that requires no object, because it can be understood perfectly the meaning of the sentence.
Examples:
1. The baby cries
2. My mother is sleeping
3. He jumps
4. She runs
5. They arrived
f. Regular & Irregular Verbs
Regular Verb is a verb that can vary according to the shape of tense, and verb forms change regularly.
Examples:
1. I talked to Susi
2. They walked around the park
3. Jane watched a film
4. They helped their Father
5. Susan danced with Peter
Irregular Verb is a verb that has a function similar to regular verbs, but the change in the form of this verb is irregular.
Examples:
1. The river bends beyond that tree
2. I have been saving some money to buy a new car
3. Tom usually comes to school by bus
4. Laura is a vegetarian so she doesn’t eat meat
5. We went to the movies last nigth
ADVERBS
Adverbs (Kata Keterangan or Kata Tambahan) is a word that describes how, at which place, when it's time, how many times and so on, a job done or an event occurs.
· Adverbs are divided into 3 categories, namely:
a. Simple Adverbs
These groups are subdivided into:
1. Adverbs of Time (Keterangan Waktu)
Adverbs of time that is often used is: now, then, ago, since, before, already, soon, immediately, instantly, presently, late, lately, early, afterwards, today, yesterday, tomorrow, etc.
Examples:
1. Let’s start today
2. I will go there now
3. He came very late
4. He left a few minutes ago
5. I have seen him before
2. Adverbs of Place (Keterangan Tempat)
Adverbs are often used is: here, there, hence, thence, above, below, beside, in, on, inside, outside, far, near, etc.
Examples:
1. We live in purwodadi
2. I want to go there
3. I looked for him everywhere
4. They all went away
5. He came forward
3. Adverbs of Number (Kata Keterangan Bilangan)
Adverbs are often used is: once, twice, thrice, again, firstly, never, often, sometimes, etc.
Examples:
1. My brother seldom goes to school
2. She never tells lies
3. He always speaks the truth
4. I visited Bali only once
5. We take food thrice a day
4. Adverbs of Manner, Quality, State (Kata Keterangan Cara, Kualitas, Keadaan)
Adverbs are often used is: well, seriously, probably, thus, so, etc.
Examples:
1. He speaks slowly
2. They helped us cheerfully
3. James Bond drives his cars fast
4. I can finish the work quickly
5. I did test very seriously
5. Adverbs of Quantity, Extent, Degree (Kata Keterangan Kuantitas, Taraf, Tingkat)
Adverbs are often used is: too, enough, very, somewhat, rather, completely, etc.
Examples:
1. She entirely agrees with him
2. Mary is very beautiful
3. You are quite right
4. You are young enough to be an actress
5. My answer completely perfect
b. Interrogative Adverbs
These groups are subdivided into:
1. Adverbs of Time
They can answer the question "when?" or they can answer the question "how often?"
Examples:
1. When did he come?
2. How long will you stay at the hotel?
3. When do I want it?
4. How often do they deliver the newspaper?
5. How often do we watch a movie?
2. Adverbs of Place
They answer the question "where?"
Examples:
1. Where do you live?
2. Where did you come?
3. Where should I sit?
4. Where did they look?
5. Where were two cars parked?
3. Adverbs of Number
They answer the question “how many?, how often?, how much?”
Examples:
1. How often do you come to her house?
2. How many students are there in the class?
3. How often does the committee meet?
4. How much people are working?
5. How often students are sick?
4. Adverbs of Manner, Quality, State
They answer the question “how”?
Examples:
1. How did you do the homework?
2. How are you today?
3. How did you do it?
4. How was the experience?
5. How are you doing?
5. Adverbs of Quantity, Extent, Degree
They answer the question “how much?, how far?, how high?, etc”
Examples:
1. How far was the news true?
2. How much did you pay?
3. How far can you go?
4. How much more do you want?
5. How high you jump?
6. Adverbs of Reason, Cause and Effect
They answer the question “why?”
Examples:
1. Why did he leave?
2. Why are you crying?
3. Why did you quit?
4. Why do you hate her?
5. Why do you want to go there?
c. Relative Verbs
These groups are subdivided into:
1. Antecedent Expressed (Kata yang 1. This is the hotel where she stays at
2. Let me know the time when you will leave for London
3. This is the place where my uncle lives
4. Tell me the time when you would come
5. This is the place where I was born
2. Antecedent (Dimengerti)
Example:
1. That's the restaurant where we met for the first time
2. I remember the day when we first met
3. There was a very hot summer the year when he was born
4. Tell me (the reason) why you were late home
5. This is where she stays at
