STUCTURE 5

Present Continuous Tense

 

The Present Continuous is mainly used to express the idea that something is happening at the moment of speaking. The Present Continuous also describes activities generally in progress (not at the moment). Another use of the tense is to talk about temporary actions or future plans. 

a.    Use 1: Present Actions

Most often, we use the Present Continuous tense to talk about actions happening at the moment of speaking.

example :

1. He is eating a dinner.
2. Mary is talking with her friends.    
3. They are swimming in the pool.
4. The kids are watching TV.    
5. I am sitting down, because I am tired.
6. I am not learning German, because this is an English class.
7. Who are you writing to?
8. The telephone is ringing!
9. They are doing their homework.
10. I'm waiting for my girlfriend in front of the cinema.

b.   Use 2: Temporary Actions

We can also use the Present Continuous Tense to talk about activities happening around now, and not necessarily this very moment.

example :

1. Sally is studying really hard for her exams this week.
2. I am reading a really interesting book now.
3. How are you brushing up on your English for the trip?
4. We aren't working hard these days.
5. I'm reading an interesting book.
6. Tom is looking for a new job.
7. We are studying English and Spanish.
8. I'm riding a bike to get to work because my car is broken.
9. They are not talking with each other after the last argument.
10. Mary is working at McDonald's. 

c.   Use 3: Longer Actions in Progress

We also use the Present Continuous when we are in the middle of doing something time-consuming (i.e. something that takes time to complete). An example of such an activity is writing a book, saving money or studying for an exam.

example :

     

1.  They are working hard to earn money.
2.  I am training to become a professional footballer.
3.  Mike is studying hard to become a doctor.
4.  Elizabeth is currently writing a children's book titled I am the World.
5.  I am studying to become a english teacher.
6.  I am not studying to become a dentist.
7.  I am reading the book Tom Sawyer.
8.  I am not reading any books right now.
9.  Are you working on any special projects at work?
10.  Aren't you teaching at the university now?.

d.  Use 4: Future (Personal) Arrangements and Plans

Sometimes we use the Present Continuous to show that something is planned and will be done in the near future.

example :

1.  I am seeing my dentist on Wednesday.
2.  Polly is coming for dinner tomorrow.
3.  Are you doing anything tonight?
4.  We aren't going on holiday next week.
5.  I'm meeting Katie in the evening.
6.  He's flying to Rome in September.
7.  We're not going anywhere tomorrow.
8.  I am meeting some friends after work.
9.  I am not going to the party tonight.
10.  Is he visiting his parents next weekend?

e.  Use 5: Tendencies and Trends

His tense is also used for expressing tendencies or trends.

example :

1. Our country is getting richer.
2. The Internet is becoming less of a novelty.
3. The Universe is expanding .

f.  Use 6: Irritation or Anger

And the last use of this tense is to express irritation or anger over somebody or something in the present with adverbs such as: always or continually.

example :

1. She is continually complaining about everything!
2. Johny is always asking stupid questions!
3. My boss is constantly critising me!
4. She is always coming to class late.
5. He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.
6. I don't like them because they are always complaining.
7. The spoiled girl is continually complaining about everything!
8. He is always asking unnecessary questions!
9. The boss is constantly critising his secretary.
10. I wish he would shut up!

Structure 4

NAME            : EDY SUNARTO

NIM                : A320110049

MAY

Kata kerja bantu yang berarti “boleh/mungkin” yang digunakan untuk menyatakan:

1. Permohonan izin.

Contoh:

1. May I borrow your motorcycle?
2. May I go home now?
3. Henry may be late.
4. May I eat now ?
5. May I kiss you?
6. May I drink now?
7. May I buy a new car?
8. May I sing a song?
9. May I join with you?
10. May I drive your car?

2. Permohonan atau harapan.

Contoh:

1. May You both the happy.
2. May God bless You.
3. May You both safe.
4. May God accompany You.
5. May I can do it.
6. May I be lucky.
7. May I happy with her.
8. May You like live.in my house.
9. May I can be whatever her want.
10. May She is god for me.

3. Kemungkinan 50%

Contoh:

1.      May be this is the best way.

2.      May be yes , nay be no for you can get her heart.

3.      I may be come to your party.

4.      He may be refuses your love.

5.      May be this fan is broke.

6.      May be Doni is her boy friend.

7.      May his phonewas broke.

8.      May be She was sick.

9.      She may be crazy.

10.  He may be sleeps.

MUST

Kata kerja bantu yang berarti harus atau wajib, digunakan untuk menyatakan:

1. Keharusan/mesti.

Contoh:

1. You must go now.
2. I must do my homework soon.
3. She must study hard.
4. I must become good person.
5. You must come to my house.
6. She must become my girlfriend.
7. I must go to sleep.
8. You must can do it.
9. I must wake up early.
10. I must sing a song for her.

2.  Must not (musn’t) menunjukkan (berarti) larangan atau tidak boleh.

Contoh:

1. You must not smoke in the class.
2. Susan mustn’t go there alone
3. You mustn’t sleep in here.
4. You mustn’t approaches her.
5. You mustn’t near with her.
6. You mustn’t sing in here.
7. You mustn’t call my girlfriend.
8. You mustn’t see it.
9. You mustn’t eat in my house.
10. You mustn’t speak in here.

3. Must = Have to (she/he has to) berarti harus.

Contoh:

1. You must (have to) read this book.
2. She must (has to) go to school today.
3. They must (or have to) work hard.
4. She must become my girlfriend.
5. You must there for her.
6. I must go home.
7. You must go to sleep.
8. She must can do it.
9. I must eat now.
10. You must sing a song for her.

4. Tanggung jawab

Contoh:

1.      We must get up early.

2.      She must work hard today.

3.      We must come up with paperwork.

4.      Everyone must pay taxes.

5.      You must finish your work.

6.      He must study.

7.      They must appear before me.

8.      She must deliver a speech tomorrow.

9.      Romy must meeting later.

10.  I must smart.

stucture

CLAUSE

A clause is the smallest grammatical unit that can express a complete. In some languages it may be a pair or group of words that consists of a subject and a predicate, although in other languages in certain clauses the subject may not appear explicitly as a noun phrase, being instead marked on the verb (this is especially common in null subject languages). The most basic kind of sentence consists of a single (independent) clause. More complex sentences may contain multiple clauses, including clauses contained within clauses. Clauses may be independent or dependent. Independent clauses are those that could stand as a sentence by themselves, although they may be used connected with other clauses in a longer sentence. Dependent clauses are those that would be awkward or nonsensical if used alone, and must be used in a sentence also containing an independent clause.

1.       Noun Clause

Noun clause is a clause that can function as a subject and object.

a.       Noun Clause as Subject

Example :

·         What he eats is not my concern.

·         Where he hides is not my concern.

·         What he said can make me better.

·         Whatever she did make me wonder.

·         Where he lives is doesn’t matter.

·         What my parent says make me stronger.

·         What he did make me confused.

·         What she says make me sad.

·         What my teacher did we must respect to him.

·         What he did give benefit for him.

·         Whoever ate my lunch is still in the cafeteria.

b.      Noun Clause as Object

Example :

·         She always understand whatever our teacher explained.

·         Don’t forget whatever our teacher says.

·         I still remember whatever my mom says.

·         I don’t know whoever that eat my dinner.

·         Don’t forget whatever I say to you.

·         I forget whatever she says to me.

·         We still respect whatever they do.

·         He didn’t understand whatever our teacher explained.

·         We still remember whatever our coach said.

·          We still remember whatever our doctor said.

2.       Adverbial Clause

Adverb clause is a clause that explain the verb (predicate) or function as adverb.

a.       Adverb of Time

A clause that indicate of time, usually use conjunction after, before, no sooner, while, as, when, etc.

Example :

·         Shut the door before you go out!

·         You may begin when  you are ready.

·         While he was walking home, he saw an accident.

·         By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.

·         No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.

·         They saw a plane when they where in airport.

·         He was sleeping when I called him.

·         I saw him when she was reading a magazine.

·         I was painting when my mother came.

·         Before she leaves, she will put the letters on your desk.

b.      Adverb of Place

A clause that indicate of place, usually use conjunction where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, etc.

Example :

·         They sat down wherever they could find empty seats.

·         The guard stood where he was positioned.

·         Where there is a will, there is a way.

·         Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.

·         Go where you like.

·         He often goes wherever he wishes.

·         He always happy wherever he lives.

·         He look so sad wherever he lives.

·         Wherever we went, we saw a beautiful view.

·         Wherever we live, we have new friend.

c.       Clause of Manner

A clause that indicate how is work done or how the even occur, usually use conjunction as, how, like, in that, etc.

Example :

·         He did as I told him.

·         You may finish it how you like.

·         They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.

·         She reads a magazine by quickly like the thunderbolt.

·         He climbs quickly like a monkey.

·         Rani sings as Rosa done.

·         Dani laughs as if he is a joker

·         Tini speaks as if she is a speaker

·         Budi frogs as frogs done.

·         He kick the ball like David Beckham.

d.      Clause of Frequency

A Clause that indicate how often it does.

Example :

·         He often reads book so he get 100.

·         She never wake up late because she very diligent.

·         We play football twice a week so we so healthy.

·         We seldom read newspeaper so we don’t understand about it.

·         I take a bath twice a day so I keep fress everyday.

·         We must study everyday because the exam will be held.

·         I feel better because I drink medicine three time a day.

·         Our class is clean because we sweep everyday.

·         We have a party twice a month because I like it.

·         I play tennis twice a week because my house near with the tennis field.

3.      Adjective Clause

A clause that explain noun or pronoun.

Example :

·         The woman who bought a new house is my sister ( subject)

·         Mr Amir who was chosen as the captain is going to jogja now. ( subject )

·         The man who wear a red jacket is my uncle. (subject)

·         The students whom I teach come from Jogjakarta. (object)

·         The police whom catch me go to office. (object)

·         The man whom I hit is my neighbor. (object)

·          The man whose car is new is my uncle. (property)

·         The cat whose tail is white is mine. (property)

·         The woman whose house is new is my mother. (property)

·         The cat which running to me is mine. (subject)

·         The painting which on the floor is mine. (subject)